Diacritic placement workshop

Add IPA diacritics to a supplied set of sounds

Enter the base symbol first, then insert the required diacritic at the caret immediately after it. Use a mark because the sound description calls for that feature, and check the saved text rather than relying only on how a standalone chart button looks.

This task starts with supplied phonetic properties instead of an English word: a dental t, an aspirated t, a syllabic n and a nasalized a. That removes the temptation to guess a narrow transcription from spelling. You will create four separate examples, then inspect the actual downloaded characters. The result is a compact annotation key that can accompany more substantial study notes.

Follow the tutorial Open Diacritics
A WORKED TYPING EXAMPLE
Typing task

Create four separate phonetic examples in this order: dental t, aspirated t, syllabic n and nasalized a. Put each example inside square brackets and separate them with spaces.

Result in the editor
[t̪] [tʰ] [n̩] [ã]
Four stipulated phonetic descriptions, not a word, a diagnosis or a claim about every speaker's t, n or a.
  • Each mark follows its intended base with no intervening space.
  • The syllabic mark is under n; the nasalization tilde belongs to a.
  • No dotted-circle display character appears in the editor or downloaded text.
VIDEO TUTORIAL Add IPA diacritics Add combining diacritics to a base symbol and save your detailed IPA transcription. English narration Captions: English Watch video

Add IPA diacritics

Prepare the base symbols

Open Diacritics with an empty practice editor and turn off Smart IPA suggestions. Use ordinary keyboard entry for the literal base letters and bracket scaffolding in this task. The additional features will come from actual chart buttons. If the editor contains important work, save it first rather than treating Clear text as a harmless selection change.

Before entering anything, match each requested property to its notation: dental uses a mark below t; aspiration uses the raised modifier ʰ; syllabicity uses a small vertical mark below n; nasalization uses a tilde above a. These properties describe different dimensions. They are not four interchangeable ways to make a transcription look more technical.

Annotate the two t examples

Type [t, select the dental diacritic and close the bracket. After a space, type [t again, select the aspirated button ʰ and close this example. Check the tooltip description if two small marks look similar. Selecting the button inserts the character at the current caret position, so the relevant base must already be there.

The dental annotation concerns articulation, while aspiration concerns how the consonant is produced and released in relation to the following sound. Neither mark is a statement about an English spelling such as th. The task deliberately supplies the property. For real recordings, add the feature only when the observation and your transcription convention justify it.

Example
[t̪] [tʰ]

Add syllabicity and nasalization

Add a space, type [n and select syllabic before closing the bracket. Then add a space, type [a and select nasalized before closing the last bracket. For combining marks, the underlying text order is base followed by mark, even though the font displays the mark above or below that base.

Syllabic n indicates a consonant functioning as a syllable nucleus. It does not automatically mark primary stress or turn the character into a vowel letter. Nasalized a, by contrast, retains its vowel base while adding nasalization. Keeping these examples separate makes the distinction visible without inventing a word whose actual pronunciation would need independent evidence.

Example
[n̩] [ã]

Inspect the actual text download

Use Download text after checking the four bracketed examples. Open the saved file and confirm their order, spacing and attached marks. In the verified workflow, the file contains the exact result above. The dotted circles used to display standalone combining marks on chart buttons are absent; those circles are a visibility aid, not part of the requested transcription.

If a mark looks detached after pasting elsewhere, first check for an intervening space or an incorrect caret position. Then inspect the destination font. Replacing a correct symbol with a visually similar character can hide the real problem. Keep the plain-text result as a reference while preparing formatted documents, and retain the task's descriptions so readers know what was intended.

Choose the right notation

How much detail should I add?

Choose the detail required by the reader and the evidence. Phonetic brackets do not require every possible diacritic, and extra marks do not establish accuracy. A focused annotation key can explain a few relevant features more clearly than an unexplained dense string.

Combining mark or spacing modifier?

The dental, syllabic and nasalization marks in this task combine with preceding bases. The raised ʰ is a spacing modifier letter. Both types can function as IPA diacritics, but their encoding and display behavior are different.

TRY IT YOURSELF

Reorder an annotation key

Write a nasalized a followed by a syllabic n as separate phonetic examples. Explain which mark concerns vowel nasalization and which concerns syllable function.

Compare with the model answer
[ã] [n̩] — the tilde adds nasalization to a; the mark under n identifies a syllable nucleus.

The given properties determine the marks. A canonically equivalent precomposed nasalized vowel is acceptable; no English-word pronunciation is being inferred.

Common questions

Should I copy the dotted circle from the button?

No. Use the chart button to insert its mark after the intended base. The circle illustrates a standalone combining character and should not enter this result.

Does [ã] mean that an n follows the vowel?

No. It marks nasalization of the vowel. A following n segment would need its own symbol; the tilde does not silently insert that consonant.

Is the raised h in [tʰ] a separate ordinary h?

It is the aspiration modifier in this notation, not an independent full-sized h segment. If your analysis requires a separate segment, represent and explain that different structure explicitly.

Sources & further reading

Put it into practice

Open Diacritics to try the example, then continue with the topic’s practice exercises.

Explore the practice guide
Open Diacritics

Language39

English العربية Français Italiano Deutsch Español Português Nederlands Русский Türkçe 日本語 简体中文 繁體中文 हिन्दी Bahasa Indonesia Bahasa Melayu 한국어 Tiếng Việt ไทย Polski Svenska Українська Norsk বাংলা Ελληνικά فارسی اردو Čeština Dansk Magyar Română Suomi Български Filipino ქართული Slovenčina Azərbaycanca עברית Slovenščina